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The Lighthouse of Alexandria also known as the Pharos of Alexandria was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The lighthouse was renowned for its impressive height, often estimated to be around 100 to 130 meters (330 to 430 feet), making it one of the tallest man-made structures of the ancient world. Some accounts even suggest it might have reached 140 meters (460 feet).
It’s believed to have been built in three tiers. The lowest tier was a square base with a broad platform. The middle tier was cylindrical, and the top tier featured a smaller, cylindrical tower with a flame at the peak to serve as a beacon for ships.
The lighthouse was constructed using various materials, including limestone blocks and white marble. Its bright, gleaming appearance earned it the name “Pharos,” which means “luminous” or “radiant” in Greek.
The primary purpose of the Lighthouse of Alexandria was to guide sailors and ships into the harbor of Alexandria, which was one of the busiest ports of the ancient Mediterranean world. The light from the beacon helped ships navigate safely, especially at night.
The lighthouse is commonly attributed to the architect Sostratus of Cnidus and was built during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, around 280 BC. Sostratus’s name was inscribed on the lighthouse, but it was later covered by a dedication to the reigning monarch, which Sostratus had requested as part of his design.
The Lighthouse of Alexandria stood for many centuries but suffered damage from earthquakes over the years. It was gradually dismantled and eventually collapsed in the 14th century AD.
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